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                                    How it Works

      A water softener reduces the dissolved calcium, magnesium,
and to some
degree manganese and ferrous iron ion concentration in hard water.
These "hardness ions" cause three major kinds of undesired effects.

Most visibly, metal ions react with soaps and calcium-sensitive detergents, hindering
their ability to lather and forming a precipitate—the familiar "bathtub ring".

Presence of "hardness ions" also inhibits the cleaning effect of detergent formulations.
Secondly calcium and magnesium carbonates tend to adhere to the surfaces of pipes
and heat exchanger surfaces. The resulting build-up of scale can restrict water flow in pipes.
In boilers, the deposits act as an insulation that impairs the flow of heat into water, reducing
the heating efficiency and allowing the metal boiler componants to overheat. In a pressurized
system, this can lead to failure of the boiler.

Third, the presence of ions in an electrolyte, in this case, hard water, can also lead to
galvanic corrosion, in which one metal will preferentially corrode when in contact with
another type of metal, when both are in contact with an electrolyte.